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  • Mass Wasting

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VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

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Geologic Time Scale

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Sedimentary rocks

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Sedimentary rocks Introduction All rocks on the surface of the Earth are exposed to the effects of erosion. The products of erosion accumulate to form sediments. Young sediments are unconsolidated (loosely connected) but with time they become consolidated and form sedimentary rocks. Sediments form on the surface of the Earth (most often underwater) and occur in layers – with the youngest layers at the top. The thickness of sediments on the surface of the Earth varies widely, from totally absent (for example at mid-ocean ridges) up to a maximum of ca. 20 km. Sedimentary rocks cover ca. 80% of the surface of the Earth, but contribute less than 1% to its mass. Sediments are, however, economically very important because they contain the major energy sources – coal, oil, and gas. 6.2 Weathering There are two types of processes that cause the alteration of rocks exposed on the surface of the Earth – physical and chemical. Physical or mechanical alteration results in rocks breaking into...
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